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The topaz is a mineral belonging to the aluminum family. Its name derives from the ancient Greek word "Topazion", which, however, in ancient Greece, was used for the chrysolite.
Topaz is one of the toughest minerals (reaching No 8 on the Mohs scale), making it quite popular in jewellery as it can be handled with a limited risk of destruction. In its natural form, the mineral is colorless, but in jewellery blue and honey topaz are the most sought-after. The honey with red tones is known as the Imperial Topaz, as it was the favorite of the Russian Tsars, while the blue color has been established as the most characteristic color of the mineral. Topaz can also be found in pink, red, orange, green, and purple. The colors are due to inclusions, ie to the existence of other elements of the soil during the creation of the lawn.
Mystic Topaz is a natural topaz, which has been treated with titanium oxides, resulting in a rainbow-like appearance. It first appeared in 1998 at the Hong Kong Jewellery Fair and within a few years, it became very popular in the global jewellery market.
Brazil, and in particular the Minas Gerais region, is probably the most important topaz producer in the world, with significant production of minerals in Russia, Afghanistan, Germany, Pakistan, the USA, Mexico, Nigeria, and the Czech Republic. Different areas produce different color topazes depending on the soil components in each mine.
American Golden Topaz
The American Golden Topaz is a 22.892-carat faceted topaz (about 4.5kg) and one of the largest faceted gems known worldwide. It was unearthed in Brazil and its cutting from the original mineral weight of 11.8 kilos lasted for 2 years. Since 1988, American Golden Topaz has been kept at the Smithsonian Institution's Natural History Museum.
El Dorado Topaz
El Dorado Topaz is the biggest faceted topaz that has been found so far. Initially, the gem weighed about 37 kilos, and after it was cut, it weighs about 6 kilos, that is, 31,000 carats. El Dorado was found in the Minas Gerais region of Brazil and is now part of the Special Exhibitions Gem Collection, set in Madrid.
Topaz Azul
Topaz Azul (Blue Topaz) is the 4th largest topaz and is part of the Special Exhibitions Gem Collection in Madrid. Its weight is 8,225 carats and comes from Brazil.
